Was Michael Solomon the black sheep of the family?

Posted: 19 February 2020

by Kevin Potter

MICHAEL-SOLOMON-for-Web

Abraham Rheuben’s great times eight granddaughter

Posted: 18 February 2020

by Charlotte, 7th generation Australian

A few years ago I wrote a speech for school to say in front of my class. “Write something personal,” the teacher said, and so, interested to know more about my history I set out to write this speech. Previously, I only had a minimal knowledge of Abraham’s story and was so interested to dig through the files that we had, as well as what I could find on the internet. Much to my delight at the time, the ending elicited an audible gasp from my classmates as they realised that the teenager I was talking about was my ancestor, something that is not so common anymore. Here is the speech that I said in class:

“In 1776, when America gained independence, England was forced to find somewhere else to send its convicts. Australia was the perfect place. To the English it was a deserted, free,barren land, great for sending the unwanted. Over the next 70 years, England would send over one hundred and sixty four thousand criminals to the other side of the world including a 16 year old boy named Abraham Reuben.

Abraham Rheuben
Abraham Rheuben

On the 19th of May 1827, 193 years ago, Diana Fitzgerald, wife of Edward Fitzgerald, was out shopping in Whitechapel in London on a nice evening. When she reached into her basket, she found that her purse was missing. An officer, Francis Keys, was the Bow-street patrol that evening. He testified he saw the teenage Abraham Reuben and another boy approach the shoppers and search through their bags and belongings. When the boys bolted, he followed, cornering only Abraham and forcing him to hand over the stolen items. In her recount of the event Diana Fitzgerald stated that she lived opposite the Jews’ chapel, Bethnal-green. Both Diana and the officer who caught Abraham refer to him as “the prisoner,” with obvious disdain. The prisoner’s defense – that he merely picked it up – was enough to send him to an island in the middle of nowhere. He was “transported for seven years” to Van Diemen’s Land as a convict, a sentence given for even the smallest of crimes. But although he was only sentenced for seven years, Abraham Reuben never came back. Abraham left England on the 13th of March, 1828. He was one of 170 other convicts, all with unique faces, unique crimes and unique fears about what was to come. The one thing that wasn’t unique was their names. Scrolling through the list of convicts you will find at least 20 Henrys, Johns, and Williams. It is likely that Abraham was the only Jew on the ship. They travelled aboard the Bengal Merchant for only five months, a considerably smaller travel time compared to the first ships, and arrived in Van Diemen’s Land on the 10th of August that same year.

The Bengal Merchant travelled to Australia four times and each time carried around 200 passengers with an average sentence of 9 or 10 years. 1828 was the only time it travelled to Van Diemen’s Land, an island off the south coast of Australia that is now known as Tasmania. Van Diemen’s Land was a tough place for prisoners to be around this time. It became increasingly crowded and crime began to seep through the stuffed barracks where the prisoners slept.

When Abraham became a free man, he, his new wife, Rosetta Marks and their ten children, donated money to a Synagogue that was starting up in Hobart. The summer before last, I attended a Saturday service in the shule, with a ladies’ area smaller than this room with our friends leading the service because there was no one else but our small party of around 15 people. It was an honour to see his picture and name hanging on the wall.

Why was it an honour you ask? Because 9 generations later, I stand here today as his great times eight granddaughter, a product of his journey, quite proud of my heritage. Because although your history does not define you, it is a part of who you are. And it doesn’t define me, it is a part of me – I am a proud Australian Jew and am always ready to explain my heritage when anyone asks, but I will hopefully never be shipped off to another country away from my parents and family with fears of the life to come. We all have a story, they all matter, they are all a part of who we are today”

One side of the law to the other

Posted: 18 February 2020

by The Honourable Professor Howard Nathan QC

The first President of the Hobart Hebrew Congregation, Louis Nathan was the brother of Rosetta Joseph who in turn was the daughter of Nathan Nathan. Also known as Nathanial Newton and even later as Lionel. Nathan

Nathan was a jolly 16yo lad convicted at the Old Bailey in 1799. He returned to England in 1807 having obtained the permission of Governor Bligh to do so. The Brits as a general rule did not want their convicts back. He touted to the East End Jews the marvellous benefits of being transported and was not disappointed that his son in law obliged. Once in Sydney, Moses Joseph and his new wife Rosetta busily brought out all 9 of their siblings. Most came voluntarily, but many more mispoocha did not have that option. However, the Hobart Hebrew Congregation’s first President Louis Nathan arrived in Sydney, and soon settled in Hobart. The Donor Boards in the Shul list both his father, Lionel a fancy later added first name, and his mother, Sarah.

Some five generations later, and somewhat to the surprise but I hope delight of the family, I was appointed or as they suggest, anointed onto the Supreme Court of Victoria. Subsequently as an Acting Justice of the Supreme Courts (some are unkind enough to suggest I always was) of Belize, the Bahamas and also the Eastern Caribbean. I am delighted to tell you that none of my descendants will commit the same offence by becoming lawyers.

The Story of Sarah Cohen

Posted: 7 February 2020

by Lorraine and Geoff Court, lorraine_court@bigpond.com

Sarah-Cohen-for-Hobart-Synagogue

Recalling the Solomon/Benjamin family

Posted: 7 February 2020

by Beverley Hooper, bhooper0@gmail.com

The Hobart Synagogue and Temple House have always been closely linked in my mind, not just because of their proximity but because of my family history. My great-great-great-grandfather, Judah Solomon, the first owner (with his brother Joseph) of Temple House, donated the land for the synagogue and served as Treasurer of the Hobart Hebrew Congregation for some fifteen years.   

My mother (almost two years old) at Temple House, 1910

I am directly descended from Judah through one of his daughters, Lydia Benjamin (née Solomon), Samuel Benjamin, Montefiore (Monty) Benjamin, and my mother Dorothy Hooper (née Benjamin) who was the last surviving member of the Solomon/Benjamin family to have been born at Temple House. She lived there until she was almost ten years old with her siblings (Joseph, Eileen and Eveline), parents and grandparents.

It was actually my father, Jack Hooper, who in the 1960s started researching my mother’s family, not an easy task in the days before digitised records. Earlier, her main knowledge of the family prior to her grandfather, Samuel Benjamin, was something she called the “Joseph Solomon estate”: money which had come to Samuel and thence to his childrenand to their children. When my grandmother died in 1953, my mother inherited enough from what remained of “the estate” to pay off the mortgage on our family home in New Town.

Joseph Solomon

Joseph Solomon
1826 – 1894

The family benefactor, Joseph Solomon, was not my mother’s direct ancestor, or even Judah Solomon’s brother Joseph, as my mother vaguely thought. Born in 1826, he was the “illegitimate” (as it was then termed) son of Judah and his so-called housekeeper Elizabeth Howell whom he met after his arrival in Hobart and lived with at Temple House.

Judah was still formally married to Esther Solomon who had continued to live in England with the couple’s nine children after Judah was transported to Tasmania in 1820. Twelve years later she made the long journey to Hobart and pursued a campaign, which was ultimately successful but provoked public scandal, to prevent Judah obtaining a free pardon which would have enabled him to divorce her and marry Elizabeth.

When Judah died in 1856, he left Temple House (his brother had long moved permanently to northern Tasmania) to his eldest son Isaac. But the bulk of his estate went to his and Elizabeth’s son, Joseph, who himself bought Temple House in 1863; Isaac moved to New Zealand. 

Samuel Benjamin

 More relevant to my own family line was that Judah and Esther’s daughter Lydia (my great-great-grandmother) had arrived in Tasmania in 1832 on the same ship as her mother, along with her husband, Henry Samuel Benjamin, and their two young children. Seven years later their son Samuel, my great-grandfather, was born in Hamilton where his father ran the Old Hamilton Inn. Henry Samuel died suddenly in 1852 and thirteen-year-old Samuel began learning the Solomon family business in Hobart. He later had a peripatetic business career, with fluctuating fortunes, that involved moving his wife Fannie and three children (including my grandfather Monty) from Sydney to London, New York and Cincinnati.

Samuel Benjamin
1839 – 1926

In 1894, Samuel inherited the bulk of the estate of his half-uncle, Joseph Solomon, who had died childless. This brought not just Temple House but assets worth around £100,000 (estimated current value $A6 million) back into the “mainstream” Solomon/Benjamin line. Hence the “Joseph Solomon estate” that my mother used to talk about, without having any idea that it came from the “illegitimate” son of her great-great-grandfather.

Aged fifty-five, Samuel returned to Tasmania and took up residence at Temple House with his wife and family, as well as with his large inheritance which suffered stock market losses. In Hobart he lived the life of a “city gentleman”, becoming a Justice of the Peace and an Alderman, growing prize azaleas and rhododendrons, and succeeding his half-uncle as President of the Hobart Hebrew Congregation. Between them, Joseph Solomon and Samuel Benjamin served as President and/or Treasurer of the Congregation for almost fifty years. My mother remembered her grandfather, the family patriarch, as being “pretty imposing with his long beard. He could be a bit domineering. My grandma Fannie was lovely.”

After Temple House

My own grandmother, Myra Benjamin (née Levien), who lived at Temple House with her husband Monty plus the older generation, from her marriage in 1904 until 1918, died just a few days before my thirteenth birthday. (My grandfather had died two years before I was born.) I loved visiting her, usually on Tuesday after school, not just because she baked Jewish cookies and gave me matzo at Passover, but because of the “interesting old things” in her house at 334 Argyle Street. She told me they had come from Temple House; my favourite was a roll-top mahogany desk that had a secret drawer. The various ornaments around the house included some Chinoiserie porcelain, a large Japanese doll (which my younger sister Christine still has), and a green glass vase (which I have).

Monty Benjamin & Myra Levien wedding, 1904

Although my mother had “married out” and Christine and I were christened in a Presbyterian church, her Jewish background was part (admittedly a small part) of my consciousness when I was growing up. I knew that her family had been associated with the synagogue and that she had once lived in a big house called Temple House on the corner of Argyle and Liverpool Streets. Sold to the YMCA in 1921, it was largely hidden under various additions and accretions by the time I knew it had any connection with my family.

Every now and again my mother mentioned her childhood, more so as she grew older. In 1991, when I visited Hobart from Western Australia for Christmas, she told me that earlier in the year she had been shown over Temple House, which was now owned by the Tasmanian Government and part of the Police Department, by local historian Anne Rand who was preparing a “heritage” report. Wandering around the house brought back memories of running up and down the ornate staircase and she clearly remembered some of the rooms, including the former children’s nursery. 

Then, a few months before my mother died in 2004, I showed her the book A Few from Afar: Jewish Lives in Tasmania from 1804 and read her a few extracts about the history of Temple House and the Hobart Hebrew Congregation. She nodded when I mentioned the synagogue. “Yes, we all used to go there. The women and girls sat upstairs. I still remember a prayer.” Then the 95-year-old, who had rarely been inside a synagogue over the past seventy years or more, recited a few sentences of Hebrew. 

Three Generations, 1948

Thanks to my sister, Christine Hooper, and my husband, Tim Wright, for assistance with this article.


Detailed Photo Information

  1. At Temple House, 1910. My mother, Dorothy Benjamin, is sitting on the lap of her aunt Dr Evelyn Benjamin (the younger daughter of Samuel and Fannie Benjamin). My mother’s sister Eileen is perched on the stool, and her brother Joseph is sitting on the floor at the front. The other two boys are Keith and Donald Blashki, the sons of Samuel and Fannie Benjamin’s elder daughter Lydia.
  2. The “younger” Joseph Solomon, the Benjamin family’s benefactor.
  3. Samuel Benjamin, my great-great-grandfather.
  4. The wedding of my grandfather Montefiore (Monty) Benjamin to Myra Levien, Melbourne, 1904. Myra is on the left and Monty is seated (he had a back problem). The other two adults are Myra’s brother, Claude, and Monty’s sister Evelyn. The little flower-girl is Stella, the daughter of Myra’s brother, Percy.
  5. Three generations, 1948. With my younger sister Christine, mother Dorothy Hooper (née Benjamin) and grandmother Myra Benjamin.